I. Industrial Piping

Classified by medium temperature:

(1) Ambient-temperature piping: -40°C < t ≤ 120°C.

(2) Low-temperature piping: t ≤ -40°C.

(3) Medium-temperature piping: 120°C < t ≤ 450°C.

(4) High-temperature piping: t > 450°C.

Classified by medium pressure:

Low pressure: 0.1 MPa ≤ P < 1.6 MPa

Medium pressure: 1.6 MPa ≤ P < 10 MPa

High pressure: 10 MPa ≤ P < 100 MPa

Ultra-high pressure: P ≥ 100 MPa

II. Vessels

Classified by operating temperature:

(1) Low-temperature vessels (t ≤ –20°C).

(2) Ambient-temperature vessels (t > –20 to 150°C).

(3) Medium-temperature vessels (t ≥ 150 to 450°C).

(4) High-temperature vessels (t ≥ 450°C).

III. Valves

Classified by operating temperature:

(1) Cryogenic valves: Valves used for media with operating temperatures t < –100°C.

(2) Cryogenic valves: Valves used for media with operating temperatures of –100°C ≤ t ≤ –40°C.

(3) Ambient-temperature valves: Valves used for media with operating temperatures of –40°C ≤ t ≤ 120°C.

(4) Medium-temperature valves: Valves used for media with operating temperatures of 120°C ≤ t ≤ 450°C.

(5) High-temperature valves: Valves used for media with operating temperatures of t > 450°C.